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Alexander Prokhorov (1916 – 2002)

Pioneer of Masers and Lasers

Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov was a Soviet physicist who co-invented the maser and significantly advanced the development of the laser. Born in Australia to Russian emigrants and returning to the USSR during his youth, Prokhorov combined theoretical insight with practical experimentation to revolutionize quantum electronics.

Key Achievements

• Maser Development: Developed the first microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
• Laser Physics: Extended maser principles to the optical range, laying the foundation for modern laser technology.
• Applied Physics: Advanced radar, telecommunications, and optical research.

Scientific Impact

Prokhorov’s work was central to quantum electronics, enabling breakthroughs in communication, medicine, and industry. His research also supported high-precision measurements in spectroscopy and atomic physics.

Legacy

Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1964 with Nikolay Basov and Charles Townes, Prokhorov’s legacy extends beyond his inventions, shaping modern photonics and the technologies of the information age.

Facts

• Born in Atherton, Queensland, Australia.
• Nobel Prize in Physics, 1964.
• Co-developer of maser and laser concepts.
• Director of the Lebedev Physical Institute.